Hayle

Camden's Britannica map - 1789
includes reference to 'Heyl River' ('Heyl' meaning 'Estuary')

Ordnance Survey 1st edition one-inch map of area around 'Heyl Mouth' - 1809
('Heyl' meaning 'Estuary')

Manor of Trevethow (Trevethoe) Estate Plan 1820
[black markers point at local orchards]

1825 Estate Plan of the Hayle Estuary
showing the design for bridges, a turnpike road and an embankment causeway

John Harvey 1739-1803 in about 1779
Blacksmith, Engineer and Ironfounder from Carnell Green

John Harvey (1739-1803) married Joanna Ann Harvey - née Pearce (1733-1807) at Gwinear on 8th February 1756

* children *

- Joanna Harvey   (1757-1836) married William West (1751-1832), the engineer/designer, at St Erth on 9th May 1784
   children,    Anne Nancy (1785-1866)
William II (1787-1852)
Jane Harvey (1792-1871
Anna (1794-1846)
Becky (1797-1817)
John (1800-1868)
(from January 1816 William West (1751-1832) becomes a director of Harvey & Co. Ltd)

- William Harvey    (1758-1762)

- John Harvey         (1760-1783) married Elizabeth Stapleton
son William Harvey

- William Harvey    (1763-1768)

- Francis Harvey     (c1765-1767)

- Jane Harvey       (1772-1868)    married Richard Trevithick (1771-1833), the inventor, at St Erth on 7th November 1797
   children; Richard Trevithick (1798–1872)
Anne Ellis (1800–1877)
                                                                                           Elizabeth Banfield (1803–1870)
John Harvey Trevithick (1807–1877)
Francis Trevithick (1812–1877)
Frederick Henry Trevithick (1816–1883)

- Anne Harvey        (1774-1808) married John Harvey (17**-1809) a well-to-do Cabinet Maker of Helston
survived by 6 children

- Henry 'Little Cap'n' Harvey (1775-1850) born at Gwinear, 3rd September 1775
Henry appears not to have married, but instead to have taken a mistress, a servant called Grace Tonkin, 24 yrs his junior, installed in a house just a few minutes walk away, Mellanear House.
children; John Tonking (1818-1838)
Edward Harvey Tonking (1821-1824)
William Harvey Tonking (1822-1843)
Francis Harvey Tonking (1823-1853)
Henry Harvey Tonking (1824-1844)
Richard Harvey Tonking (1825-1856)
Juliana Harvey Tonking (1828-1849), married John Polglase on 28th June 1848 at St Erth
Edward Harvey Tonking (1830-1831)
Edwin Harvey Tonking (1832-1869)
James Harvey Tonking (1833- ? ), married Eliza (Whitford) Trenerry, 15th May 1855 at Phillack
Charles Harvey Tonking (1837-1908)
>
  It is said that in 1847 Henry Harvey had a stroke and could not walk unaided
Henry Harvey died 13th May1850

- Elizabeth 'Betsy' Harvey (1779-1848) unmarried, resided with her brother, Henry

'Harveys of Hayle' by Edmund Vale
cover picture of Henry Harvey (b.September 3rd 1775, d.May13th1850)

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Foundry House, also known as Harvey House, facing 'Mill' and 'Swan Pool'
Harvey family residence
built c1780-90 on land leased by John Harvey from the Lower Trelissick estate

In 1812, Henry Harvey's sister, Betsy, inadvertently found herself involved in a dispute between Henry Harvey and a business partner, Hannibal Curnow Blewett, which Henry's brother-in-law, Richard Trevithick, took full advantage of:
"Blewett sent a handsome silver teapot to Miss Betsy Harvey, who kept her brother's house, called Foundry House. Trevithick was sitting with them when the box was brought in and opened. Mr. Henry Harvey was indignant at Mr. Blewett sending a bribe or make-peace to his sister, and threw the silver teapot under the fireplace. Trevithick, however, quietly picked it up, pointed out the dinge it had received, wrapped his pocket handkerchief around it, and saying, if it causes bad feeling here it will do for Jane, marched away home with the pot. The writer drank tea from it recently, and also laughed at the dinge.".
- 'Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions Vol II' by Francis Trevithick, 1872 pp52-3

And from January 1816, Miss Elizabeth 'Betsy' Harvey became a director of Harvey & Co. Ltd

Henry Harvey's unmarried neice, Nanny Harvey, died in 1840 after living at Foundry House with Henry and sister Elizabeth most of her life.

1841 Tithe apportionment 37, Garden and part of Stables - occupier Henry Harvey
1841 Tithe apportionment 38, House, Garden and part of Stables - occupier Henry Harvey

1841 Census
Hayle Foundry,1,Henry Harvey,65,,Independant,In county,
,,Elizabeth Harvey,,60,Independant,In county,
,,Sophia Tredinick,,25,Female Servant,In county,
,,Agnes Troon,,25,Female Servant,In county,

Messrs. Harvey & Co, Hayle, Cornwall 23rd January 1848

In 1848, Henry Harvey formed a deed of settlement, passing on the business to his nephews and neices.

Elizabeth 'Betsy' Harvey died 1848

Henry Harvey died 13th May1850

Messrs Harvey & Co, Hayle, Cornwall 26th October 1850

1851 Census
52,Foundery,John West,Head,M,50,,Engineer,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Mary West,Wife,M,,42,,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,Nicholas Ja's West,Son,,11,,Scholar,Perranporth Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Harvey West,Dau,,,7,Scholar,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Henry Harrlem Mer Meer West,Son,,4,,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Francis Will'm West,Son,,,2,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Rollins,Servnt,S,,19,House Servant,Uny Lelant Cornwall,,

The Trevithicks, in 1852, left Harvey’s partnership and formed their own firm of J H Trevithick & Son, Millers.

The partners of Harveys of Hayle were then Nicholas Harvey, William Harvey, William West and John West; William John Rawlings became a partner in 1854.

https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~treevecwll/family/hharvey.htm

1861 Census
88,,1,John West,Head,W,60,,Civil Engineer,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Nicholas James West,Son,U,21,,Civil Engineer,St Agnes Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth Harvey West,Dau,U,,17,[scholar],St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Honor Burt,Antlaw,U,,63,Housekeeper,Phillack Cornwall,,

On a plan of the Foundry area, dated 1864, Foundry House is marked 'Mr John West', presumeably Henry Harvey's nephew, and director of Harvey & Co, who died in 1868.

1871 Census
96,Foundry,1,Nicholas J West,Head,M,32,,Civil Engineer,St Agnes Cornwall,,
,,,Ellen West,Wife,M,,26,,Penryn Cornwall,,
,,,Rooblie Hassan West,Son,,3,,,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Haarlem Ethneen West,Son,,2,,,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Lavinia Webb,Servnt,U,,28,General Servant Domestic,Breage Cornwall,,
,,,Ann Lawrey,Servnt,U,,18,Nurs Girl,St Erth Cornwall,,

1881 Census
70,Foundry House,1,Nicholas J. West,Head,M,41,,Civil Engineer,St Agnes Cornwall,,
,,,Helen West,Wife,M,,36,,Penryn Cornwall,,
,,,Haarlew E. West,Son,U,12,,Scholar,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Howard S. West,Son,,6,,Scholar,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Ethel West,Dau,,,4,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Julia Thomas,Servnt,U,,21,Cook Domestic Servant,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Ann Pascoe,Servnt,U,,19,Housemaid Domestic Servant,Camborne Cornwall,,

Harvey House was demolished in 1885 to make way for the expansion of Harvey & Co's central 'Erecting Shop'.

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Harvey & Co

Towards the end of the 19th century the fortunes of Harvey & Co declined, and in 1903 they announced the closing of their engineering works and Foundry, but the company continued to trade as a general and builders merchant, eventually merging with UBM to become Harvey-UBM (United Builders Merchants) in 1969.

In 1981, on the instructions of the UBM Group Limited, Hayle Harbour was offered for sale.

UBM was then acquired by Jewson Builders Merchants who continued to use the Harvey & Co site in Carnsew, Hayle.
In 2022 it was reported that the Jewson chain was being sold in a £740 million deal to the european building materials distributor Stark Group.

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Tremeadow Terrace - formerly called 'Mill Row'
built by Harvey & Co for employees

1841 Census
Book 12 Folio 30 Pages 2-7 - see Mill Row
link to census > > https://sites.rootsweb.com/~kayhin/40144.html

'Tremeadow Terrace was built in about 1819 and was originally called Mill Row. An unusually regular row of cottages and half-houses, built of rubble stone and granite with slate roofs, mostly replaced with mineral slate, and red brick stacks. Varied plots of 1 window and 2 window width, originally all sash windows, many now replaced. The rear elevation, despite some C20 extension, retains much of its original character, including a number of back-to-back sheds set within the shared courts of the cottage pairs. One of the main features of the row is the surviving series of front gardens, with rubble boundary walls capped with brick, and now with an impressive array of C20 sheds at their lower (south) ends; a municipal parking scheme at the north end of the row that has allowed access for garages is an intrusive feature . These gardens and the cottages are served by a common path bounding the Hammer Mills [24] to the south, doorways into these buildings lead off this path as well, indicating a common ownership and perhaps date for both sets of structures . '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

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Mill
built c1779 on land leased by John Harvey from the Lower Trelissick estate

- Hammer Mill - for crushing and grinding materials

'Harvey's hammer mills were water powered by the nearby pond. The site is now a public garden. Rubble stone walls with some brick dressings. The walls show the scars of demolished buildings, and the various stages of development and build are traceable. This and the attached grist mill complex (25] were when photographed in 1905 prominent buildings some 5 or 6 storeys high with a taller stack (The Old Days in Hayle, n.d., Packet Publishing, 21).'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

- Boring Mill - for engineering

- Grist Mill - for grinding corn and making flour

'Grist mill. Built by Harvey's it passed to the Trevithick side of the family, and was for a long time known as Trevithick's Mill. (H.E.D. Vale, St Erth Parish Checklist, 1966, CA14, pg. 114). lt was extant in 1780 (W.H. Pascoe, Phillack Parish Checklist, 1976, CA15, pg. 100). Parts of the stabilised outer walls of the mill survive within the complex of walls surrounding the memorial gardens. The millpond seems not to have been used to drive this mill, which was at first operated by horsepower, and then from c.1830 onwards by steam. Extended 1879, milling ceased in the 1890s, when a mint humbug factory took over part of the building (B. Acton, A View from Trencrom, 1992, 75). The walls were reduced in height in 1940, reputedly to prevent this large building being used as a target in German bombing raids (pers. comm. B. Sullivan, May 2000) .'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

Ropeworks

'Ropemaking was one of the first of John Harvey's diversified activities after setting up his foundry. lt seems to have commenced about 1796, and continued until 1916 (C. Noall, 1985, The Book of Hayle), but is first recorded in trade directories only in 1844 (Pigots Directory), when there were four other ropemakers recorded in Hayle. '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

'Harvey’s Foundry started in the 1780s and this was the site of the boring and hammer mills, and a five-storey grist mill, which was still in use until the 1930s.'
'There were walls there from a brass foundry, which once made ship’s bells.'
'The Ropewalk dates from 1793 and was worked until 1916, when most of the men had gone to war.
There are the remains of a furnace where they used to boil tar for rope-making, and a pit where the rope was soaked.'
'The inner pond was originally an ornamental lake for the people living in the villas in Millpond Avenue. The outer pond powered the foundry. There’s a wheelhouse there housing three waterwheels... The outer pond is known as the swan pool'
- extracts from 'A conversation with warden Georgina Schofield', February 2011
http://cornishgardenstories.co.uk/a-former-foundry-site-has-become-a-tranquil-open-space-for-the-people-of-hayle/

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Lane between 'Harvey House' & 'Pond House' leading to 'Foundry Stables'

'32
HAYLE, FOUNDRY HILL (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
WALL
SW55783701 PRN: 139005
This early 19th century wall is a surviving component of the Foundry Farm Yard complex and also
delineates a pathway that ran from the Yard to Foundry Hill (the dressed granite quoins of the entrance to
the yard survive). lt was associated with the Foundry House (1790-1885). Built of rubble stone and
granite, capped with pale buff coloured bricks, it is about 2-3 metres high. lt is shown on the Plan of Hayle
Foundry and Lands Adjoining dating to 1864 (GRH 148/1, CRO 214/3/2).'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf
the original lane became overgrown with trees, is now blocked off each end with electricity substations

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Bungalow
built between lane and Pond House, 1930s, and thought first to have housed Mother Superior of the Daughters of Liege order, St Michael's Hospital

'383
HAYLE, 2 FOUNDRY HILL (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
HOUSE
SW55773701 PRN: 139612
House, early C20. Rock-faced granite with rendered return elevations and slate roof, with red and white
brick stacks. Single storey with hipped roof and stacks to left and to right. Large windows to left and rght
and central door in gabled porch with bargeboards. Stands in the former grounds of the Foundry
Farmhouse. Its relationship to Harvey's is not known.'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

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Foundry Farmhouse, 9 Foundry Lane, facing Mill Pond, and formerly known as 'Pond House'

built c1799 on land leased by John Harvey from the Lower Trelissick estate
1841 Tithe apportionment 39, Dwelling House and Garden - Capt. John Vivian
Road adjoining

'384
HAYLE, FOUNDRY FARMHOUSE, FOUNDRY HILL (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
HOUSE
SW55753701 PRN: 140792
House. Late 18th/early 19th century. Rendered stonework with slate roof. Two storied, hipped symmetrical house with boundary walls related to the rest of the Foundry Lane. The roadside wall (to Foundry Hill) were originally swept up to Foundry Lane, and possibly had railings on them, but have been partially raised with early/mid C19 brickwork, in itself an indication of the probable late C18/early C19 date of house and walls. A house is represented here on the 1791-6 map of Hayle, and seems never to have been extensively altered or extended. Part of the complex attached to Harvey's Foundry (and owned separately from the Foundry by the family,) it does not seem to have been exclusively or even generally used as the farmhouse probably before the later C19 (on the split of the Harvey business in 1852 it was part of the Trevithick inheritance)- In 1842 (Tithe Award) it was the home of Capt. John Vivian, the man who steered Richard Trevithick's steam carriage engine along the streets of London in 1802 (Vale, 65), and an engineer/sailor, not a farmer.'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

1841 Census
Hayle Foundry,1,John Vivian,55,,Mariner (Sea),In county,
,,Elizabeth Vivian,,50,,In county,
,,James Vivian,25,,Agent,In county,
,,Elizabeth Vivian,,15,,In county,
,,Cat Williams,,25,Female Servant,In county,

1851 Census
53,Foundery,John Vivian,Head,M,67,,Agent For Steam Vessls,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Vivian,Wife,M,,64,,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Vivian,Dau,S,,26,At Home,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,John Vivian,Grnson,,12,,Scholar,Clifton Gloucestershire,,
,,Mary Thomas Burall,Visitr,S,,18,Farmers Daughter,Crowan Cornwall,,
,,Catherine Williams,Servnt,S,,39,House Servant,Gwinear Cornwall,,

1861 Census
89,,1,John Vivian,Head,M,76,,Retired Shipmaster,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth Vivian,Wife,M,,74,,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,,John Vivian,Grnson,U,22,,Merchants Clark,Bristol Somerset,,
,,,Emma Williams,Servnt,U,,24,Housemaid,Phillack Cornwall,,

1871 Census
97,Foundry,1,Elizabeth Vivian,Head,W,,85,,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,,Grace Stevens,Servnt,U,,22,Domestic Servant,Phillack Cornwall,,

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
According to the 1881 census, 'Pond House' was then occupied by Richard Hawkins, Farm Bailiff.

1881 Census
61,Pond House,1,Richard Hawkins,Head,M,52,,Farm Bailiff,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,Mary E. Hawkins,Wife,M,,44,,Gulval Cornwall,,
,,,Linda E. Hawkins,Dau,U,,18,,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,Thomas S. Hawkins,Son,U,16,,Engin Fitter At Works,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,Frances L. Hawkins,Dau,U,,14,Scholar,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,William R. Hawkins,Son,,12,,Scholar,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,Sidwell M. Hawkins,Dau,,,4,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Infant Hawkins,Son,,1m,,,St Erth Cornwall,,Age under one month
,,,Albert Rogers,Nephew,U,18,,Drapers Apprentice,St Erth Cornwall,,

1891 Census
56,Foundry Hill,1,Richard Hawkins,Head,M,62,,Farm Bailiff,Employed,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,Mary E Hawkins,Wife,M,,53,,,Gulval Cornwall,,
,,,Linda E Hawkins,Dau,S,,28,,,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,William R Hawkins,Son,S,22,,Engineer Fitter,Employed,St Issey Cornwall,,
,,,Gerald O. T. Hawkins,Son,S,10,,,,St Erth Cornwall,,

Farm bailiffs exist on landed estates. The farm bailiff is employed by the proprietor and his managerial duties can include collecting rent, taxes and supervising both farm operations and labourers.^[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailiff

Name	Richard HAWKINS
Birth	1828	St Issey, Cornwall
Christening	25 Dec 1828	St Issey, Cornwall [1]
Gender	Male
Death	1910	Penzance Registration District [2]
Death	1910 Quarter of Registration: Oct-Nov-Dec District: Penzance County: Cornwall Volume: 5c Page: 145
Person ID	I1022	St_Issey_Folk
Last Modified	23 Sep 2021
Census	06 Jun 1841	Tredinnick, St Issey, Cornwall...................................Aged 12, Son
Census	30 Mar 1851	Tredinnick, St Issey, Cornwall...................................Aged 22, Son, Employed on Farm
Census	07 Apr 1861	Tredinnick, St Issey, Cornwall...................................Aged 32, Son, Unmarried, Farmer of 81 Acres Emplys 1 Lab & 2 Boys
Census	02 Apr 1871	Foundry, St Erth, Cornwall.......................................Aged 42, Head, Widower, Hind

http://st-issey-folk.co.uk/opc/getperson.php?personID=I1022&tree=St_Issey_Folk

'Hind', was that an occupation?
Hind was a general term for a farm servant or agricultural labourer. However, in some regions it was a farm bailiff or steward.
https://genealogy-specialists.com/threads/what-job-is-a-hind.7124/
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Q. So, who was Captain John Vivian????

A. John Vivian was born 17th January 1784 at Phillack, Cornwall, and baptized at Phillack on 11th March 1784.
Married to Elizabeth Rosewarne, born 13th October 1786 at Hayle, Cornwall. d. 24th December 1873
* children *
John Vivian         1809-1857
James Vivian       1811- ?
William Vivian    1813-70
Elizabeth Vivian 1824- ?
John Vivian died 7th January 1871 at Trenawen, Gwinear, Cornwall, England, aged 86 years old

Having driven the first successful steam passenger carrying locomotive, the 19-year old John Vivian became one of the very first Engine Drivers!
*Maybe the house where Captain John Vivian lived at that time merits a heritage Blue Plaque??*

'Trevithick's Common Road Passenger Locomotive, London, 1803'

for detailed specification of the Steam Carriage see http://www.steamcar.net/brogden-1.htm l

Andrew Vivian (1759–1842) was a British mechanical engineer, inventor, and mine captain of the Dolcoath mine in Cornwall, England.

In partnership with his cousin Richard Trevithick, the inventor of the "high pressure" steam engine, and the entrepreneur Davis Giddy, Vivian financed the production of the first steam carriage and was granted a joint patent for high pressure engines for stationary and locomotive use in March 1802.

In 1801, Richard Trevithick completed his first full-sized road locomotive in Camborne, demonstrating it to the public on Christmas Eve with Vivian at the controls. The first day it ran about the streets and up the very steep Beacon Hill. The next day it went down to the village of Crane so that Vivian's family, who lived there, might see it. In a further trial, one week later, the machine overturned in a rut. It was dragged into a shed while Trevithick and Vivian had lunch at a nearby inn; on their return the boiler had run dry, setting fire to the machine's timber frame.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Vivian

'Undismayed by this mishap, Trevithick ordered castings and a wrought iron boiler from West at Hayle Foundry for an improved road locomotive for demonstration in London. William Felton, a coachbuilder of Leather Lane, being entrusted with the bodywork. The carriage had one cylinder and three wheels, the two eight foot driving wheels placed behind with the boiler and engine between them. The small steering wheel at the front was controlled by a tiller, while the chimney was in the form of a negro, from whose mouth belched the smoke. It had accomodation for eight inside passengers.'
- 'The Book of Hayle' by Cyril Noall, Barracuda Books, 1984 p42

'This second locomotive, tried in Camborne in the latter part of 1802 or commencement of 1803, was sent to London in January, 1803. William West was then at Harvey's foundry in Cornwall, preparing the new cylinder; and still in February and March he was there preparing a new boiler, after which he was for five months in London, about the steam-carriage; and in August, Felton was paid for building the coach.
The London locomotive of 1803 was a great improvement on the former ones: it was not so heavy; and the horizontal cylinder, instead of the vertical, added very much to its steadiness of motion; while wheels of a larger diameter enabled it the more easily to pass over bits of bad road, which had brought the Camborne one to a standstill. The boiler was wholly of wrought iron, and, with the engine attached to it, was put together at or near Felton's carriage shop in Leather Lane; Trevithick, Andrew Vivian, and William West were with it; and Arthur Woolf (then in Trevithick's pay with the first high-pressure sent to London) came to see what was going on.
Andrew Vivian ran it, one day, from Leather Lane, Gray's Inn Lane, on to Lord's Cricket Ground, to Paddington, and home again by way of Islington - a journey of half a score miles through the streets of London. Trevithick was not on the engine on that occasion. Andrew Vivian was not an engineer, and would not have ventured on so long a run had there not been prior proof of what the engine could do; and the fact of an altered cylinder and boiler having been under construction in Cornwall after the locomotive had been sent to London, proves that several trials had been made, and changes found necessary.
"Captain Joseph Vivian recollects about 1803, his father, then a captain of a vessel, on his return from London told them that he and his nephew, John Vivian, had been invited to take a bit of a drive with Captain Trevithick and Captain Andrew Vivian on their steam-carriage: they went again for the next day; but Captain Vivian thought he was more likely to suffer shipwreck on the steam-carriage than on board his vessel and did not go a second time."
"Captain John Vivian, H.M.P.S., was, about the middle of 1803, on board his uncle's vessel in London, and often went to see the steam-carriage putting together at a coach-builders in Leather Lane. Captain Trevithick and Captain Andrew Vivian were there, and Mr. William West was the principal man in putting the engine together. Mr. Arthur Woolf frequently came in, he being engaged close by as an engineer in Meux's brewery.
"Thinks the engine had one cylinder, and three wheels; the two driving wheels behind were about 8 feet in diameter. The boiler and engine were fixed just between those wheels. The steering wheel was smaller, and placed in front. There were some gear-wheels to connect the engine with the driving wheels. The carriage for the passengers would hold eight or ten persons, and was placed between the wheels, over the engine, on springs. One or two trips were made in Tottenham Court Road, and in Euston Square. One day they started about four o'clock in the morning, and went along Tottenham Court Road, and the New Road, or City Road; there was a canal by the side of the road at one place, for he was thinking how deep it was if they should run into it. They kept going on for four or five miles, and sometimes at the rate of eight or nine miles an hour. I was steering, and Captain Trevithick and someone else were attending to the engine. Captain Dick came alongside of me and said, "She is going all right". "Yes" said I, "I think we had better go on to Cornwall". She was going along five or six miles an hour, and Captain Dick called out, "Put the helm down, John!' [likely meaning 'put the brake on'] and before I could tell what was up, Captain Dick's foot was upon the steering-wheel handle, and we were tearing down six or seven yards of railing from a garden wall. A person put his head from a window, and called out, "What the devil are you doing there! What the devil is that thing!"
"They got her back to the coach factory. A great cause of difficulty was the fire-bars shaking loose, and letting the fire fall through into the ash-pan.
"The waste steam was turned into the chimney, and puffed but with the smoke at each stroke of the engine. When the steam was up, she went capitally well, but when the fire-bars dropped, and the fire got out of order, she did not go well.
"I heard afterwards that the framing of the engine got a twist, and she was used to drive a mill for rolling hoop-iron; and also that she ran on a tramroad laid in Regent's Park."'
- 'Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions Vol I' by Francis Trevithick, 1872 pp141-3

Trevithick's London "Bus"

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John Vivian and the Napoleonic Wars

'.... the Post Office had engaged Little Catherine and appointed John Vivian as her captain on 13 March 1813.^[4] On 25 November the French frigates Sultane and Étoile captured Little Catherine as she was sailing from Passages.^[a] The French took off Little Catherine's crew and abandoned her. On 28 November HMS Hotspur picked her up at sea.^[b] Hotspur found her plundered, all but two of her guns thrown overboard, with her sails set, but her rudder free so that she drifted at the mercy of wind and waves. Captain the Honourable Jocelny Percy of Hotspur put a crew on board who took her into Penzance. A gale on the 30th upset her and put her on her beam ends, where she lay waterlogged.^[13]

While Captain Vivian was on board Sultana a storm came up. Her crew consisted of untrained landsmen, many of whom were sea-sick. Sultana's captain appealed to Vivian for assistance. Vivian agreed that he and his men would navigate the frigate, handing back control when the weather moderated. In return, the frigate captain agreed to put the Englishmen aboard the next prize they took.^[14]^[15]

When the French captured the Falmouth packet Duke of Montrose on 12 December, they put Captain Vivian and Little Catherine's crew aboard Duke of Montrose.^[16] Captain Vivian was senior in the Packet Service to Captain John Forster of Duke of Montrose and so assumed command. The French also put on board their prisoners from some other vessels they had taken. The British reached Falmouth on 20 December.^[9] The commanders of both vessels assured the Packet Service's agent at Falmouth that they had sunk the Service's book of private (confidential) signals with the mails before the French had captured the vessels.^{[16]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Catherine_(1801_ship)}

John Vivian’s grandfather was Captain John Vivian (senior); He was born at Phillack in 1784, and was a Captain in Her Majesty's Packet Service, He married in 1809 to Elizabeth Rosewarne.

Richard Trevithick’s friend, William West married Joanna Harvey. Richard Trevithick married Jane Harvey, a younger sister of Joannah Harvey. William West made the models of Richard Trevithick’s high pressure steam engine in 1796.

Captain John Vivian’s uncle was Captain Andrew Vivian; in 1802, Richard Trevithick, William West, and Andrew Vivian patented the high-pressure engine. In 1803, Captain John Vivian (senior), took the new engine on the LITTLE CATHERINE to London, and when there, drove Trevithick and West’s “locomotive” along New Road; At sea, he ran the Blockade and made a successful voyage to Cronstadt in 1811; 15th March 1813, he was in command of HMP LITTLE CATHERINE, returning from Corunna, the ship was captured by two French frigates; He retired from Packet service 1817;

In 1832, he became Commander of the HERALD, running between Hayle and Bristol, the first steamer used on the Cornish coast.

He also commanded the CORNWALL (1842-59)

and the COLOMBIA (1859-60). He died at Hayle in 1871.

https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~treevecwll/family/hharvey.htm

Cornubia, from an original drawing redrawn by Pete Joseph.

Steamship Cornubia Launched at Hayle

'Saturday 27 February 1858 saw the launch of the iron paddle steamer Cornubia at Hayle. The vessel was built by Harvey and Co to work the packet service between Hayle and Bristol. Her keel had been laid down a year earlier and the intention was that she should replace the wooden hulled steam paddler Cornwall. In 1858 the Cornwall was only 16 years old and she was to be sold to help the Hayle and Bristol Steam Packet Company to cover the costs of the Cornubia.'

'Cornubia was the first big iron paddler steamer built in Cornwall, she was designed at Harvey's probably by Jebus Bickle...'

'Cornubia had a overall length of 200 feet, 185 feet of keel, 241/2 feet beam and a 13 feet depth of hold. She had a gross tonnage of some 500 tons and was powered by a pair of oscillating engines of a nominal 230hp output which were fed by twin steam boilers. In service she could accommodate 55 to 60 saloon passengers plus an unknown number of second cabin and deck passengers. Fit out took four months and Cornubia underwent her first sea trial, under Captain Vivian, on 11th June 1858.'
https://www.penwithlocalhistorygroup.co.uk/on-this-day/?id=58

............................................................................................

Ordnance Survey map - Hayle, 1877

Swan Pool

Swan Pool - Hayle c1900

Hayle map 1881

Ordnance Survey map of c1881

Ordnance Survey map - Hayle - 1888

Triumphal Arch
erected in 1843 by Harvey & Co. Ltd.

Triumphal Arch, Foundry Lane
possibly Sam Ellis?, car driver for Harvey's & Co. Ltd who lived closeby

'Listed building (No. 10/90). This triumphal arch was built in 1843 for Harvey and Company reputedly to celebrate the Leeghwater Engine contract for draining the Haarlemmer Meer in Holland. lt is constructed of granite ashlar with rectangular-plan abutments on either side of a fairly wide carriageway. Plinth, rusticated and vermiculated quoins and voussoirs, double impost bands, elliptical arch with projecting keystone, moulded cornice and tall ashlar blocking course. lt is part of the grandiose classicising and landscaping scheme undertaken by Henry Harvey in the 1840s.'

http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

On 1 August 1837, King William I appointed a royal commission of inquiry; the scheme proposed by the commission received the sanction of the Dutch Parliament's Second Chamber in March 1839, and in the following May the work was begun.^[5]First, a canal was dug around the lake, called Ringvaart (Ring Canal), to carry the water drainage and boat and ship traffic which had previously gone across the lake. This canal was 61 kilometres (38 mi) long, and 2.40 metres (7.9 ft) deep, and the excavated earth was used to build a dike from 30 to 50 metres (98 to 164 ft) wide around the lake. The area enclosed by the canal was more than 180 square kilometres (69 sq mi), and the average depth of the lake 4 metres (13 ft). As the water had no natural drainage, it was calculated that probably 1000 million tons of water would have to be raised by mechanical means.^[5]
All of the pumping was done by steam mills, an innovation contrasting with the historic practice of draining polders using windmills. Three Cornish beam engines were imported from Hayle: the Leeghwater, the Cruquius (the largest Watt-design reciprocal stroke steam engine ever built and now a museum), and the Lijnden. Pumping began in 1848, and the lake was dry by July 1, 1852; 800 million tons of water were actually discharged.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarlemmermeer

............................................................................................

\
Hamilton Hawkins and Cyril Eddy at the Foundry Stables, Hayle
............................................................................................

Carnsew Hillfort & Plantation

In 1852 the West Cornwall Railway decided to bring rail transport from up country to Hayle, driving track through Henry Harvey's Plantation at Carnsew

Plantation Walks, Hayle
postcard 77045

'345
HAYLE, CARNSEW (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
HILLFORT
SW55643713 PRN: 31934
The Victoria County History noted a semi-circular embankment at Hayle overlooking both estuaries. lt is shown on earlier OS maps as an earthwork. Thomas says that the earthwork at Camsew seems to have consisted of two ramparts, the outer surmounting the 50ft high cliff. Farming and the railway cutting have removed nearly all traces of a rampart on the west side, but this may be indicated by a change in slope.
The remaining ramparts were walled up and the paths cut along them by Henry Harvey in the construction of an ornamental park in 1845. There is an entrance in the north west with an enclosure to the east of it and a track leading from it to the shore. The fort was probably cnstructed to guard the Hayle estuary and a prehistoric trackway south of it. A field visit by the os in 1962 revealed that the surviving main rampart and annexe to the north are substantial but considerably mutilated by the construction of the park. There is no ground evidence of the earthwork having been completed by a rampart on the west side; it has probably been ploughed out. In its present condition the original entrance cannot be identified: that on the track leading from it (mentioned by Thomas) are probably modern. The earthwork appears to be a small hillfort rather than a cliff castle, with natural slopes defending the north and east sides. Wells says there are indications of a terrace on the western side, which may have been caused by the raising of the enterior. Altered and landscaped in the 1840s by Henry Harvey, who added a number of structures and ramped walks as part of a wider landscaping activity. See also [30] [33 -44) [59 -65] . '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

The Plantation, Hayle
Postcard 39094

'30
HAYLE, CUNAIDE STONE (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
INSCRIBED STONE
SW55643716 PRN: 31978 SM: 30 10749 LB: 11
Listed building (No. 10/113). A "stone" is marked at the location on current OS maps (1964 OS, 1:2500 Map). lt is now embedded in a bank in the park created on Camsew hillfort. Langdon says it was found in 1843 four feet below the ground surface near its present position. According to Langdon the inscription reads "hie (in pa) cem requievit .... Cunaide hie (in) tumulo iacit vixit annis xxxiii" (A.G. Langdon, Victoria County History 1, 420, PL 11, Fig. 10). Roman capitals are used throughout the inscription: Hencken dates the stone to the fifth and sixth century but it may be as earty as fourth century. Hencken's translation reads "here in the grave fell asleep ... Cunaide lies here in the grave. She lived 33 years" (H.O.N. Hencken, 1932, Archaeology of Cornwall and Scilly; 222, 225). Radford says the stone compares most closely with the late roman milestones of which there are five in Cornwall. The formula is Christian and can be paralleled in continental Christian cemeteries of the fourth and fifth centuries. Epigraphically a date before 400 is possible but the formulae and sequel show that some inscriptions should be dated to the middle of the late fifth century (C.A.R. Radford, 1975, Christian Inscriptions of Dunmonia (CAS Holbeche Corfield 1974). Macalister believes that the engraver made an error, hammered it out, and started over again. Hence "hie in tumulo requievit ..... Cunaide hie in tumulto iacit vixit annos xxxiii" (R.A.S. Macalister, 1945, Corpus Inscription. Ins. Celticarum I, No. 479, 457-8). A modem slate slab beside the stone has the inscription "hie cenui requievii cunat do. Hie tumulo iacit vixit annos xxxiii" and the translation "here cenui fell asleep who was born in 1500. Here in this tomb he lies. He lived 33 years" (1962, FV, G.H. Pitcher/OS). The inscribed stone was found in association with a cist grave (see PRN 31798. 01). '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

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Hayle Millpond (formerly called 'Swan Pool')

Millpond, Hayle
Wrench Series postcard 13059

Hayle. Mill Pond. c1905
Peacock postcard M.C. 1750

The Mill Pond, Hayle - Mallanear

The Mill Pond, Hayle - Valentine postcard c1902
Ropewalk to the left, chimneys of Williams, Harvey & Co Ltd, Mellanear Smelting Works to back right

Williams, Harvey & Co Ltd, Mellanear Smelting Works
built 1837
1841 Tithe apportionment 209, leased by Trelissick Smelting House Company - House and Garden
1841 Tithe apportionment 210, leased by Trelissick Smelting House Company - Smelting House, Yard etc
1841 Tithe apportionment 211, leased by Trelissick Smelting House Company - Garden

illustration from 'A History of Tin Mining and Smelting in Cornwall' by D.B. Barton p216
to the right of photo stand 3 horses harnessed to wagon shafts, with heads in their nosebags

Mellanear tin ingot

Williams Harvey & Co, Mellanear, Hayle - tin ingot

ingots of tin from Williams Harvey & Co, Mellanear, Hayle
the logo being Lamb & Flag

Mellanear Works demolished c1921

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Mellanear House (51 Mellanear Road)

Mellanear House, Hayle
thanks to Andy McTeare for sharing this old photo
'The date probably between 1922 and 1924.
He was Isaac Edwin Orchard, a Methodist preacher and Egg Merchant.
He married my great Aunt, Maud Carbis in 1922 and bought the house.
He was 74 when they married and she was 42. He died in 1924 and is buried in St Erth cemetery with his first wife Elizabeth.'
- Howard Jeffery

'375
HAYLE, 51 MELLANEAR ROAD (Fig 15b) [reference key at foot of webpage]
HOUSE
SW55943635 PRN: 140111
House and walled garden. Circa 1800 and C20. Roughcast with concrete tiled roof. Two storeys to hipped roof with stacks at end left and end right. Symmetrical front of three sash windows in moulded surrounds on first floor, two on ground floor with central door. Stands back from the road in a walled plot with outbuildings, and a good early C20 moulded timber fence and gate on rendered wall. This house was reputed to be the home of Henry Harvey's mistress/housekeeper (pers comm Rob Lello).One of a number of smallholdings set within regular closes along Mellanear Road, and part of a group shown on the 1809 OS survey drawings (although the present building may be a mid C19 rebuild ol the original cottage), probably relating to the nearby mines on the Wheal Alfred set {especially Mellanear or West Wheal Alfred) rather then the industrial development in Hayle itself. The regular block ot fields to the east was called 'Tin Closes' in the St Erth 1842 Tithe Award .'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

home of Grace Tonkin, allegedly the mistress or common-law wife of Henry Harvey
Grace Tonkin - born 9th December 1799, St Just, Penzance (mother Jane Nicholls, father Thomas Tonkin) - died 11th October 1895
said to have given birth to at least 9 children, William, Francis, Henry, Richard, Juliane, John, Edwin, James and Charles, all given the middle name Harvey and all but one the surname Tonking.

more info about Grace Tonkin and her children at https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~phillack/genealogy/tonkin.htm

1841 Census
Millenear,1,Grace Tonkin,,40,Ind,In county,
,,William Tonkin,19,,,In county,
,,Henry Tonkin,16,,,In county,
,,Richard Tonkin,15,,,In county,
,,Edwin Tonkin,10,,,In county,
,,Francis Tonkin,8,,,In county,
,,Charles Tonkin,4,,,In county,
,,Jane Trounce,,24,F.S.,In county,

1851 Census
89,Millanear,Grace Tonking,Head,S,,52,Annuitant,Penzance Cornwall,,
,,James Tonking,Son,S,17,,Assistant Draper,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,John Polglase,Grnson,,2,,,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,Sarah Saundry,Servnt,S,,66,House Servant,Cury Cornwall,,

1861 Census
42,Mellenare,1,Grace Tonking,Head,U,,61,Proprietor Of Houses,Penzance Cornwall,,
,,,Ann Sanders Lawrey,Servnt,U,,25,House Servant,St Erth Cornwall,,

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Mill Pond, Hayle c1935

aerial photo Hayle 1932

Aerial photograph of Millpond and old Foundry Buildings etc 1932

aerial photo Hayle 1950

Aerial photograph of Millpond, old Foundry Buildings and Foundry Hill c1950

'68
HAYLE, DROVERS ROW, (4-32 FOUNDRY HILL,EVEN) (Figs 15b, d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
ROW
SW55723698 PRN: 31970
Built as foundry worker's housing. Circa 1830. A row of 2 storey cottages, mixed double and single fronted. Granite and sandstone, mostly rendered or painted, slate and mineral slate roofs. Most windows and doors have been replaced, a few timber sashes survive. Set behind long front garden plots, all with mature planting, and sheds at the street end, the houses are almost totally obscured from the street. A private path gives access to the plots, with granite gate piers and granite flags at the two entrances off the pavement. The main access is now by the back lane; each house has a small backyard, with a good series of early outhouses and extension surviving. The end house at the north-east end is larger than the others, and was known as 'The Foreman's House' (see item [589]; The most westerly house (no. 34) is separately itemised [366]. The Row is not shown on a map of 1828, but about that time, Harvey's expanded their stables to accommodate 52 draught horses, divided into 13 teams of four for each for the heavy wagons used to transport goods, each team with its own driver '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

Q. What is known about W J Rawling, Susana Rawling and Mary Ann Rawling of 34 Foundry Hill?

A. Well here are a few facts...
On 12 October 1805 in St Hilary an Abraham Rawlings married Susanna Roskilly, and also in St Hilary, where they were both residents, they had the following children: Thoms Roskilly 1806, Susannah Roskilly 1807, Jane Shorland 1810, William John 1812, William John 1815, and Mary Ann Charlotte 1820, all baptised in St Hilary/Marazion.
information obtained 16 November 2021 from Rebecca Noall tidybex@sky.com

The Life Summary of Susanna

When Susanna Roskilly was born in 1776, in Marazion, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, her father, Thomas Roskilly, was 31 and her mother, Susanna, was 20. She married Abraham Shorland Rawlings Grandfather of Admiral Sir Henry Bernard Hughes Rawlings 2nd in Command of the British Fleet WW2 on 12 October 1805, in St Hilary, Cornwall, England. They were the parents of at least 4 sons and 3 daughters. She lived in St Erth, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom in 1851. She died on 26 February 1870, in Foundry, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, at the age of 94, and was buried in St Hilary, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.

'The partners of Harveys of Hayle were then Nicholas Harvey, William Harvey, William West and John West; William John Rawlings became a partner in 1854.'

Just up the road from 34 Foundry Hill is a grand house, Downes, erected for Harveys director W J Rawlings.
Various dates have been suggested for the erection of this building, but it is believed the Rawlings took up residence in 1867-8.

'Mrs. W. J. Rawlings (née Hambly) of Hayle, who died in 1879 at the age of fifty-seven, had learnt to repeat the Lord's Prayer and Creed in Cornish when she was a child at school at Penzance, but unluckily had quite forgotten them in later life.'

No mention has been found as to whether as to whether Susanna Rawlings was still living at 32 Foundry Hill or had moved to Downes.

Births - Sept Qtr 1888, John Claude Rawlings, Penzance District, Vol: 5c, Page: 237, Mother's Maiden Name: Hughs.

- June Qtr 1889, Henry Bernard Rawlings, Penzance District, Vol: 5c, Page: 238, Mother's Maiden Name: Hughes.'

William John Rawlings
Father of Admiral Sir Henry Bernard Hughes Rawlings 2nd in Command of the British Fleet WW2 1815-1890 - K2RX-WBR

Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society

Downes becomes a part of St. Michael's Hospital.
St Theresa's Convent, a house of the Daughters of the Cross of Liege, was founded in 1913 and the Order subsequently founded St Michael's Hospital on adjacent land which had been purchased by Miss Ellis in 1904.

Kitty Lee Jenner (12 September 1853 – 21 October 1936) was an English artist and writer. She grew up in Cornwall and having studied art in London, she became a writer. She published six novels under the name Katharine Lee, as well as writing books on Christian symbolism. She was also known as Mrs Henry Jenner and Katharine Jenner following her marriage to Henry Jenner in 1877. To begin with, she was the more famous person in the relationship. The couple had one child together.

Katharine Lee Rawlings was born at Hayle in Cornwall on 12 September 1853, the eldest daughter of Catherine and William Rawlings. She was educated at home and then studied in London at the National Art Training School (now Royal College of Art) in South Kensington and the Slade School of Fine Art in Bloomsbury. Her artwork was based on sketches and watercolours, but she was to become more famous as a writer.^[1]

Rawlings married Henry Jenner on 12 July 1877 and became known as Kitty Jenner or Mrs Henry Jenner. Her husband had corresponded with her since 1873, after he interviewed her father about the Cornish language, which later became a major research interest for the couple. They honeymooned in Europe and on 21 June 1878 Jenner gave birth to their only child, Cecily Katharine Ysolt Jenner.^[1]

Jenner published her first novel in 1882. It was entitled A Western Wildflower and she used the pseudonym Katharine Lee. She was to publish five more novels, the last being When Fortune Frowns: Being the Life and Adventures of Gilbert Coswarth, a Gentleman of Cornwall; How he Fought for Prince Charles in the years 1745 and 1746, and What Befell Him Thereafter (1895). Until her husband's fame grew in his old age, her writing career made her the better known of the two.^[1][2] It was published by Horace Cox at the price of 6 shillings.^[3] Jenner retold the story of the Jacobite rising of 1745 and the Battle of Culloden, The Times review remarking "she acquits herself with credit".^[2]

In 1904, Jenner had become a bard, being given the name Morvoren at Gorsedd Cymru.^[1] In August 1928, ten Cornish people were initiated as bards at a Gorsedd at Treorchy and planned to set up a Cornish Gorsedh to promote Cornish language and culture. Jenner and her husband joined the group to form the Council of Gorsedh Kernow. The first Gorsedh was held at the Boscawen-Un stone circle in September 1928.^[4]

In the 1900s, Jenner published three works on the use of symbols in Christianity. Referring to her Christian Symbolism (1910), D. H. Lawrence wrote "It is necessary to grasp the Whole. At last I have got it".^[5] After reading the book, he began to use the phoenix as his emblem.^[6] Jenner had explained the phoenix's symbolic meaning in her book as the "resurrection of the dead and its triumph over death", commenting that "the Phoenix in itself was a recognised emblem of the resurrection of Christ".^[7]

Jenner wrote and illustrated In the Alsatian Mountains: A Narrative of a Tour in the Vosges (With a Map) (1883) which gave an account of a European tour made in 1882 and was dedicated to her daughter Ysolt.^[8] She released a book of poetry entitled Songs of the Stars and the Sea in 1926.^[1]

Jenner died at home from myocarditis on 21 October 1936. She left around £23,000 in her will (equivalent to £1,600,000 in 2019). She is buried together with her husband at Lelant in west Cornwall.^[1]

Williams, Derek R., ed. (2004). Henry and Katharine Jenner: A celebration of Cornwall's culture, language and identity. Francis Boutle. ISBN 9781903427194.

.................................................................................

Jenner married Katharine Lee Rawlings in 1877 (she was a novelist and author of non-fiction under the name Katharine Lee).[10] A biography of Henry and Kitty, including much information about the context in which their work appeared, was published in 2004 by Derek R. Williams.[11]

After working at the British Museum for more than forty years,[1] in 1909 Jenner and his wife Kitty[12] retired to Hayle, his wife's home town, and in January 1912 he was elected as the Librarian of the Morrab Library, a post he held until 1927. He also served as President of both the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society and of the Royal Institution of Cornwall.[13]

He died on 8 May 1934 and is buried in St. Uny's Church, Lelant. Before he died, he said: "The whole object of my life has been to inculcate into Cornish people a sense of their Cornishness."

'A founding father of the Cornish Gorsedd' - West Briton Thursday September 2, 2004

.................................................................................

'A Western Wildflower', Katharine Lee, a novel, 3 volumes,
published by Richard Bentley and Son, 1882

'In the Alsatian Mountains: A Narrative of a Tour in the Vosges', Katharine Lee,
published by Richard Bentley and Son, 1883

'In London Town'. a novel, 3 volumes, Katharine Lee,
published by Richard Bentley and Son, 1884

'Katharine Blythe' a novel, 3 volumes, Katharine Lee,
published by Richard Bentley and Son, 1886

'An Imperfect Gentleman' a novel 3 volumes, Katharine Lee,
published by Longmans, Green, and Co. 1888

'Love or Money'. a novel, 3 volumes, Katharine Lee,
published by Richard Bentley and Son, 1891

'When Fortune Frowns: Being the life and adventures of Gilbert Coswarth, a gentleman of Cornwall, how he fought for Prince Charles in the years 1745 and 1746, and what befell him thereafter', Katherine Lee,
published by Horace Cox, 1895

.................................................................................

Henry and Katharine Jenner: A Celebration of Cornwall's Culture Language and Identity Paperback – 30 Sept. 2004 by Derek R. Williams (Editor)

'363
HAYLE, CROFTHILL (ST MICHAELS HOSPITAL) (Figs 15a, b) [reference key at foot of webpage]
HOUSE
SW55613684 PRN: 139623
House. Early C19, extended mid C20. Granite rubble and dressed granite with slate roofs and brick stacks. Two storeys with hipped roofs, with projecting hipped early C20 wing to left, and single storey hipped extension to right. Five glazing bar sashes on first floor, the left 2 in projecting wing, and four on ground floor with central half-glazed door. A slate plaque to the right of the door records that this was the house.'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

Bospowes, the house in Hayle where Kitty Jenner lived with her husband, Henry Jenner, from 1909 onwards
It is of note that Bospowes is sited approximately midway between Downes and Kitty's former home on Foundry Hill, in fact from Bospowes she had uninterrupted sight of both houses.

Painting, Richard Trevithick, John Linnell, 1816. Oil on canvas; 61x 51cm in gilt frame 82x72x8cm. Portrait of Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) Cornish inventor and mining engineer developed the first high pressure steam engine and the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive.; John Linnell (1792-1882) was a well known English landscape and portrait painter and engraver.
https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co65492/richard-trevithick-oil-painting-portrait

Jane Trevithick (1772-1868) c1850
sister of Henry Harvey (1775-1850), wife of Richard Trevithick (1771-1833)

Charlotte House - 52 & 54 Foundry Hill (since 1st May 1973) - formerly known as 'Pencliff'
built c1804, Grade II listed

'67
HAYLE, 52,54 FOUNDRY HILL (Figs 15b, c, d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
HOUSE
SW55633690 PRN: 139071 LB: 11
Listed building (No. 12/262). This house is shown on the 1842 Tithe Map when it is called Pencliff and appears to be one residence. Dating to about 1804 and remodelled -in the early C19 and later C19 . Charlotte House, as it was later called, is stuccoed or possibly rendered replacing stucco. lt has asbestos slate hipped roofs with projecting eaves and cast-iron ogee gutters. Partly external stack at left-hand side with rendered brick chimney over; pair of octagonal stuc90ed chimney shafts over right-hand side and brick chimney over original end of wing towards rear on right. lt has a double depth plan plus C20 extensions. Two reception rooms at the garden front; stair hall behind left-hand room, probably original kitchen behind right-hand room. lt is two storeys high with regular two window garden front with granite plinth. The left-hand bay is bowed and there is a canted bay window to the ground floor of each bay. In front of the ground floor to a mid-late C19 four-bay veranda with ornate cast-iron stanchions, the veranda returns at either end both to cover the entrance doorway and for a distance at the other side. The transomed ground floor windows are probably contemporary with the veranda and have diagonal and square patterned glazing to the casements. First floor windows have similar glazing to the top lights only. The entrance front (left-hand wall) has a doorway with a pair of C19 panelled doors and overlight with diamond panes all within an early C19 moulded doorcase with corner blocks. The parts of the interior that have been inspected all have their early C19 carpentry and joinery details and plaster work including; dogleg stair with open string; cornice with modillions in the stair hall; cornices with trailing bands and six-panel doors. Charlotte House was the home of Jane Trevithick (nee Jane Harvey) wife of Richard Trevithick, the famous engineer. '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

Landower: Reverend Edward Rodd
Lessee: Mrs Trevithick
1841 Tithe apportionment 63, Lawn and Garden
1841 Tithe apportionment 64, Dwelling House, Courtlage etc

1841 Census
Hayle Foundry,1,Richd Trevithick,45,,Agent,In county,
,,Jane Trevithick,,70,,In county,
,,Ann Trevithick,,41,,In county,
,,Ann Shugg,,18,Female Servant,In county,
,,Fanny Shay,,20,Female Servant,In county,

1851 Census
34,Pen Cliff,Jane Trevithick,Head,W,,78,Land & House Proprietor,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,Richard Trevithick,Son,S,52,,Agent Iron Trae,Camborne Cornwall,,
,,Eliza Ralph,Servnt,S,,27,House Servant,Crowan Cornwall,,
,,Fanny Burton,Servnt,S,,22,House Servant,Phillack Cornwall,,

1861 Census
113,,1,Richard Trevithick,Head,U,62,,Gentleman,Camborne Cornwall,,
,,,Jane Trevithick,Mother,W,,88,,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth Banfield,Sister,M,,58,,Camborne Cornwall,,
,,,Eliza Jane Dourick,Servnt,U,,23,Houseservant,Gluvias Cornwall,,
,,,Martha Orchard,Servnt,U,,25,Houseservant,Crowan Cornwall,,

1871 Census
78,Hayle Foundry,1,Richard Trevithick,Head,U,72,,Land Owner,Camborne Cornwall,,
,,,Mary Luke,Servnt,W,,49,General Servant,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth Polkinghorne,Servnt,U,,40,General Servant,Phillack Cornwall,,

1881 Census
42,Pen Clift Foundry Hill,1,Charles Trevithick,Head,M,42,,Corn Merchant,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth B. Trevithick,Wife,M,,43,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Eleanor C.M. Mills,Sislaw,M,,48,Merchants Wife,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Samuel H. Mills,Nephew,U,12,,Scholar,Wadebridge Cornwall,,
,,,Charles V. Mills,Nephew,,3,,,Wadebridge Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth A. George,Servnt,U,,42,Cook Domestic Servant,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Hannah Harris,Servnt,U,,18,Housemaid Domestic Servant,Kings Lynn Norfolk,,

1891 Census
63,Pencliffe,1,Elizabeth B Trevithick,Head,M,,53,,,Hayle Cornwall,,
,,,Eliza Bowden,Servnt,S,,36,Cook Domestic,,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Mary Thomas,Servnt,S,,27,House Maid,,St Erth Cornwall,,

Visitors to Pencliff House, Hayle

Pencliff - Charlotte House - Jane Trevithick

'Charlotte House', formerly 'Pencliff', home of Jane Trevithick & Family

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Tolroy, Mellanear Road
built c1842

Aerial photograph of Tolroy
'compliments Betty Haynes née Eddy'
courtesy Karinda of Tolroy Manor Holiday Park

Tolroy, Hayle - decorative staircase

Wonderfully Decorative Staircase & Stained Glass Door Panels at Tolroy, Hayle
courtesy Karinda of Tolroy Manor Holiday Park

'Tolroy', residence of John Harvey Trevithick (1807–1877), son of Richard Trevithick the inventor.
later the residence of Henry Harvey Trevithick (1848-1941), son of John Harvey Trevithick.

1851 Census
85,Foundery,John Harvey Trevithick,Head,M,44,,General Merchant,Camborne Cornwall,,
,,Char. Jane Trevithick,Wife,M,,35,,St Hillary Cornwall,,
,,Richard Trevithick,Son,,8,,Scholar,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Jane Trevithick,Dau,,,8,Scholar,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Anna Trevithick,Dau,,,6,Scholar,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Catherine Trevithick,Dau,,,5,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Henry Trevithick,Son,,3,,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Willliam Trevithick,Son,,1,,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,Martha Rodda,Servnt,S,,24,House Servant,Gwinear Cornwall,,
,,Susan Williams,Servnt,S,,23,House Servant,Crowan Cornwall,,
,,Elizabeth Burton,Servnt,S,,23,House Servant,Penzance Cornwall,,

1861 Census
56,Hayle Foundry,1,John H Trevithick,Head,M,54,,Corn Merchant,Cambourne Cornwall,,
,,,Charlotta Jane Trevithick,Wife,M,,45,,St Michaels Mount Cornwall,,
,,,Charles Trevithick,Son,U,22,,Corn Merchants Assistant,Phillick Cornwall,,
,,,John H Trevithick,Son,U,20,,Corn Merchants Assistant,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Jane Stewart Trevithick,Dau,U,,18,Day Tutor Xxx Xxx,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Annie Trevithick,Dau,U,,16,Day Tutor Xxx,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,William Stewart Trevithick,Son,U,11,,Day Tutor,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Grace Glasson,Servnt,U,,24,House Serv,\- Cornwall,,
,,,Anne Curtis,Servnt,U,,25,House Serv,Cury Cornwall,,
,,,Eliza White,Servnt,U,,21,House Serv,St Kevern Cornwall,,

1871 Census
66,Tolry,1,John H Trevithick,Head,W,64,,Land Owner And Corn Merchant,Camborne Cornwall,,
,,,Catherine B Trevithick,Dau,U,,25,,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Henry H Trevithick,Son,U,23,,Corn Merchant,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,William S Trevithick,Son,U,21,,Corn Merchant,St Erth Cornwall,,
,,,Susan A Calloway,Servnt,U,,33,General Domestic Servant,\- Co. Cork,,
,,,Elizabeth L Hendy,Servnt,U,,32,General Domestic Servant,Cury Cornwall,,

1881 Census

10-13	189	Trevithick	head	U	33	corn merchant	St Erth
10-13	189	Banfield	sister	W	38		St Erth
10-13	189	Trevithick	sister	U	35		St Erth
10-13	189	Harvey	niece		11	visitor (scho….	St Erth
10-13	189	Harvey	nephew		4	visitor (scho….	St Erth
10-13	189	Thomas	serv	U	26	domestic serv…	Breage
10-13	189	Tripp	serv	U	22	domestic serv…	Breage

1891 Census
40,Tolroy,1,Henry H Trevithick,Head,S,43,,Corn Merchant,Employer,Hayle Cornwall,,
,,,Jane S Banfield,Sister,W,,48,Living On Own Means,,Hayle Cornwall,,
,,,Catherine B Trevithick,Sister,S,,45,Living On Own Means,,Hayle Cornwall,,
,,,Janette H Banfield,Niece,S,,24,Living On Own Means,,Buenos Aires Overseas Brit. Subj,,
,,,Mary C.S. Banfield,Niece,S,,22,Living On Own Means,,Buenos Aires Overseas Brit. Subj,,
,,,Elizabeth Hampton,Servnt,S,,23,General Servant (Domestic),,Germoe Cornwall,,
,,,Susan A Williams,Servnt,S,,26,General Servant (Domestic),,Gwinear Cornwall,,

'John Harvey Trevithick (1806-1877) was one of Richard and Jane’s six children. He married Charlotte Jane Stewart (1815-1867) in 1838. He took over the milling, foodstuffs and wholesale part of Harvey’s business in 1852, following the splitting up of Henry Harvey’s enterprises. A tenement called Tolroy in St Erth is mentioned in 1842, and is described as the “new residence”, with 27 acres of grounds, of John Harvey Trevithick. His family is remembered today in the group of holiday homes at Tolroy known as Trevithick Court.

The 1881 census lists the following people at Tolroy:
Henry Harvey Trevithick (1848-1941), son of John Harvey Trevithick, aged 33, unmarried, corn merchant; Jane Stewart Banfield (1842-1921), aged 38, his widowed sister (she married Edward Banfield of Ilfracombe in 1865); Katharine Bradshaw Trevithick (1846-1924), aged 35, his unmarried sister; Frank (Francis) Stewart Harvey (1876-1959), his nephew aged 4, and Catherine (Charlotte) Mary Harvey (1869-1965), his niece aged 11, both visiting; Charlotte Thomas and Anne Tripp, servants, both from Breage.

The 1891 census lists the following:
Henry Harvey Trevithick, now aged 43, still single; Jane Stewart Banfield, aged 48, living on her own means. She died in 1921, aged 78; Katharine Bradshaw Trevithick, 45 and single, also living on her own means. She died in 1924, also aged 78; Janette H. Banfield, a single niece aged 24, and Mary C. S. Banfield, another single niece aged 22, both living on their own means; Elizabeth Hampton and Susan A. Williams, general servants.

The house appears on the 1890 OS map with the Mellanear copper mine a short distance away. The mine was worked from 1815 to 1888 and produced 66,400 tons of copper. It was the largest copper producer in the county in 1879, its predominance finally being toppled by Levant mine. Some old dumps still lie in a field to the east of the B3302 road into Hayle.
In June 1923, the Tolroy estate was valued prior to a sale. The property included: Killanoon Downs (12 acres); Killanoon, with two front rooms, kitchen, dairy, 5 bedrooms, and various outbuildings, all in very good order; various fields totalling about 9 acres let to Redruth Brewery for 14 years from Christmas Day, 1920; the Victoria Inn at St Erth Praze, leased to Redruth Brewery on the same terms, with stables and half a dozen adjoining cottages, but excluding the blacksmith’s shop; Tolroy farm, with a wide range of buildings such as cattle sheds, pig sties, stables and a weighbridge; and Tolroy itself, which was let on a tenancy of £12 a month, and included sitting room, kitchen, larder, scullery and three bedrooms. Several other cottages on the site were also let.

The pencilled entries in this notebook * are careful to point out that the purchaser of Tolroy will “take over the oil eng[ine], dynamo & batt[er]y - & all electric light wiring, lamps & fittings in the homestead & houses ... the vendor having the joint use of the eng[ine], dynamo & batt[er]y etc for 12 months subject to his paying the cost of oil & allowance on terms to be settled by arbitration failing agreement. Also all shafting, pulleys, belts and all such other fittings & fixtures usually described as tenants fixtures whether attached to the freehold or not by [the] valuer”. In addition to showing that electricity supply was a problem on the estate even at that time, this is, in fact, the first real evidence of the true extent of the Tolroy estate, which covered the entire strip of land to the north of Tolroy Road from Strawberry Lane to St Erth Praze.
* A copy was supplied by Plymouth & West Devon Record Office, reference 1023/47. The very legible photocopy appears to be pages 28-33 of a notebook , a section dated 27/6/23 entitled "Tolroy Estate Hayle in par. of St Erth"

“Tol” is the Cornish for “brow” or “front” and the name Tolroy presumably means “beside the brow (of the hill)”.'

- Tony Clifford

'From 1890 to his death in 1941, Henry Harvey Trevithick was a director of Hosken, Trevithick, Polkinhorn & Co Ltd.'
- Philip Hoskin

'I spoke to my Father Eustice Eddy this evening and he has lots of memories of the large house in Tolroy. He says it was never officially a manor house.
His first memory of the house was visiting Henry Harvey Trevithick some time around 1938 to 1939. Father was born in 1932. He remembers being in the conservatory and having splits and cream and jam. Please let’s not debate which order the cream and jam went. He clearly remembers Mr Trevithick as an invalid with a nurse present in all her uniform.
My Grandfather Walter Thomas Eddy from Ludgvan had been farming some of Tolroy around this time.
When Mr Trevithick died in 1941 My Grandfather was offered the chance to buy the farm complete. He did this and my Father says that they then employed George Newton to decorate the house. Father says that he remembers that Mr Newton had a bad leg as he found it difficult to climb the step ladder. I suppose the sort of thing that would stick in the mind of a 9 year old boy. The family moved in in 1942 and father slept in what was Mr Trevithick’s bedroom until his marriage in in 1956.
The house was never commandeered for military use but my grandfather and grandmother used to entertain American troops who were stationed at the Penmare and British soldiers from the searchlight station somewhere near the Smugglers in. This also gave the soldiers a chance for a hot shower.
Father remembers sitting on a matchless motorbike astride the petrol tank while an American soldier demonstrated the pretty new idea of telescopic forks by riding down over the granite steps in the garden.'
- John Eddy

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Foundry Hill School

Private boarding school

'1
HAYLE, 5 FOUNDRY HILL (Fig 15b) [reference key at foot of webpage]
SCHOOL
SW55733683 PRN: 138970 LB: 11
Listed building (No. 12/173). School for foundry workers' children. 1838, enlarged mid-late C19. Built for
Henry Harvey. Symmetrical 2 storey 3 window front to road, glazing bar sashes. Entrance on left return
(later C19 entrance at first floor level with porch). Granite and killas rubble with granite dressings,
slatehanging to walls of rear wing. Hipped slurried scantle slate roof with wide eaves and ventilator holes
drilled into the soffits. Cast-iron ogee-section gutters. Large rectangular schoolroom each floor, school
master's accommodation in rear wing. Harvey's continued to support the school financially until 1903,
when the new Education Act came into force. Now subdivided and used as a house. (List description; The
Book of Hayle, C. Noall, 1984, 129) '
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

1851 Census
33,Foundery Hill,James Hocking,Head,S,29,,Teacher Of Mathematics,Perranuthnoe Cornwall,,
,,Mary Hocking,Mother,W,,69,,Fishguard Pembrokeshire,,
,,John Hocking,,S,24,,Teacher/ancient & Modern Lang.,Perranuthnoe Cornwall,,
,,Christian Burgan,Visitr,S,,37,,Perranuthnoe Cornwall,,
,,Thomas Field,,,13,,Scholar & Boarder,Marylebone London,,
,,James Field,,,9,,Scholar & Boarder,Marylebone London,,
,,Arthur Thomas,,,13,,Scholar & Boarder,Breage Cornwall,,
,,William Barry,,,12,,Scholar & Boarder,Bath Somerset,,
,,Edward Winsley,,,12,,Scholar & Boarder,Bristol Gloucestershire,,
,,John Vivian,,,11,,Scholar & Boarder,Crowan Cornwall,,
,,Charles Corin,,,11,,Scholar & Boarder,Penzance Cornwall,,
,,Arthur Corin,,,8,,Scholar & Boarder,Redruth Cornwall,,
,,Nugent Cosley,,,12,,Scholar & Boarder,Truro Cornwall,,
,,John Penberthy,,,11,,Scholar & Boarder,St Ives Cornwall,,
,,Tho's Stephens,,,9,,Scholar & Boarder,Hayle Cornwall,,
,,Ann Sincock,Servnt,S,,24,House Servant,Crowan Cornwall,,
,,Mary Floyd,Servnt,S,,18,House Servant,Crowan Cornwall,,

......................................................................................

Foundry Square, Hayle

Hayle, The Square. c1902
Peacock postcard M.C. 1751
in background to right of hotel can be seen the 5-storey Mill next to Swan Pool
sited directly opposite to Henry Harvey's home, known both as 'Foundry House' & 'Harvey's House'

8, 9, Foundry Square, formerly the original White Hart Hotel
2-storey building, built 1824

'109
HAYLE, 8, 9, FOUNDRY SQUARE (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
FREEMASONS HALL
SW55873707 PRN: 139145 LB: 11
This was fomerly the original White Hart Hotel built by Henry Harvey, to support his sister Jane, wife of Richard Trevithick 1771 - 1833, the famous engineer. lt has rendered walls, and a hipped, almost pyramidal, grouted scantle slate roof. Chimneys that once stood over the side walls were removed in the C20. Of a double depth plan it has two equally sized reception rooms at the front flanking a central entrance hall leading to a rear stair hall between two service rooms, (possibly remodelled in the C20). There are later extensions behind. Two storeys high and on the northern front are three windows set symmetrically with a central C20 doorway. They have original hornless sashes. The window to the right of the doorway is a complete sixteen-pane sash but the others have had their secondary glazing bars removed to leave four-panes in each. There are internal window shutters to the ground floor rooms. This building has important historical interest Jane Trevithick was the hostess of the premises during Richard Trevithick's long period of absence in South America, where he travelled initially to supervise the installation of nine of his engines in Peru. While he was in South America, engaged in many daring and some ill-fated ventures, Richard sent Jane no money, and when he returned to the port of Falmouth in October 1827 he had (according to Francis Trevithick) only the clothes he wore, a gold watch, a drawing compass, a magnetic compass, and a pair of silver spurs. The hotel is also an interesting relic of Hayle's prosperity. For the ceremonial first opening of the sluices, to clear the sand from the river, on 27 December 1834, the occasion was celebrated by a breakfast at the White Hart for the mine adventurers, customers and four captains who had been employed in the work.'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

When John Harvey set up his iron foundry in Carnsew in 1780, there were no shops or inns in the immediate vicinity. The area had since become a town, a thriving industrial hub with many visitors, workers and there families living close by, so it was just a matter of time before someone established an inn. Henry's invited his sister, Jane Trevithick (1772-1868), to run the new inn he was having built on an area of ground designated on the estate plan as 'THE POOL', close by 'THE GREEN', just yards up the road from Henry Harvey's own house, Foundry House {marked 23} and, the hotel opened in 1824.

Penpol Pool, Carnsew (Hayle)
from Manor of Trevethow (Trevethoe) Estate Plan 1820

Somewhat lazily, historians have repeated and thereby perpetuated the notion that Jane Trevithick (sister of the extrememely prosperous Henry Harvey) took on this role of landlady solely because she needed money to support herself and her family, on account of her husband, Richard Trevithick, the inventor, having left them destitute. If this were true, it could only be partially so, for Richard had sailed away from Penzance bound for Peru in October 1816, whereas Jane's tenure at the White Hart Hotel commenced 8 years after his departure. And importantly, we really don't know for sure the actual situation between husband and wife. But son Francis later wrote:

'He wished his life to be insured for the benefit of his wife and family, but never thought of paying the yearly insurance premium, leaving it for his wife to pay, whom he had left, as far as he knew, penniless in England.
On his sailing from Penzance, he told his wife that he had paid the house-rent for a year in advance, mentioning the sum. At the end of that time a demand was made on Mrs. Trevithick for a year's rent, being a larger sum than her husband had mentioned as the proper rent. It turned out that Trevithick had taken and paid for the house at six-monthly periods, instead of yearly periods. It was in the same street, and but three or four houses from that occupied by the parents of the eminent Sir Humphry Davy.'
- 'Life of Richard Trevithick: With an Account of His Inventions Vol I' by Francis Trevithick, 1872 p242

Anyway, after Richard's business overseas was concluded, in October 1827 he returned to Hayle.

'Trevithick seems, for the time being, to have settled down at Hayle to a life very like that which he led before his departure for South America. He lived at the White Hart Hotel, which was managed by his wife, and seems once more to have been persona grata at the Foundry, where he was working on some new ideas.'
- 'The Harvey's of Hayle' by Edmund Vale, The Trevithick Sociey p169

'The first thing to which Trevithick applied himself on his return from South America, was to replenish his purse. Justly considering himself entitled to remuneration from his country, he furnished my late father (his solicitor) with instructions for a petition to the House of Commons for that purpose. The petition was prepared accordingly in December, 1827.'

The letter from Trevithick, enclosing the instructions for this petition, was dated the 20th of December, 1827, and contained the following postscript:—"I was at Dolcoath account on Monday, and made known to them my intention of applying to Government, and not to individuals, for remuneration. They are ready to put their signatures to the petition, and so will all the county."

Soon after the petition had been prepared, Trevithick met with a partner, who supplied him with the money he required for perfecting his never-ceasing inventions. This being all he wanted, the petition was never presented, and he gladly resumed the kind of life which he had pursued for so many years with so much success in Camborne, when in partnership with Mr. Vivian.'

'Contributions to the Biography of Richard Trevithick - Richard Edmonds, 1859'
http://camborne.wikidot.com/edmonds

Jane continued to run the hotel, even after her husband's death in April 1833, until March 1837, at which time, at 64 years of age, she retired, and responsibility for the running of the hotel was taken on by a William Crotch, who is said to have prevailed upon Henry Harvey to build a much larger hotel next door.

1841 Tithe apportionment 15 - Old White Hart Premises - Francis Wyatt

1841 Census
Hayle Foundry,1,Francis Wyatt,25,,Tailor,In county,
,,Jane Wyatt,,25,,In county,
,,Isabela Stevens,,22,,In county,
,,Ann Stevens,,15,,In county,
,,Elizth Stevens,,12,,In county,
,,Mary Jones,,19,,In county,
,,Mary Jones,,4w,,In county,
,,Caroline Jones,,22,,In county,
,,Josiah Philip,18,,Engineer,In county,

1851 Census
10,Hayle Foundry,1,Francis Wyatt,Head,M,43,,Mercer And Tailor,Cury Cornwall,,
,,,Jane Wyatt,Wife,M,,44,,Lelant Cornwall,,
,,,Mary Jones,Sister,M,,39,Wife Of A Labourer,Lelant Cornwall,,
,,,Elizth. Gregory,Visitr,U,,29,Tailoress,Lelant Cornwall,,
,,,Richd. H. Mollard,Visitr,M,50,,Shipmaster Merchant Service,St Ives Cornwall,,
,,,Ben Mollard,Visitr,M,48,,Mariner Merchant Service,Padstow Cornwall,,
,,,Mary M Chelew,Visitr,M,,24,Wife Of A Labourer,St Ives Cornwall,,

The new, much larger 3-storied White Hart Hotel was built 12-13 years later next door to the orginal building.

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White Hart Hotel
built on site of Penpol Pool next door to old White Hart Hotel, and opened in 1838

'It was supposedly fear for public health that led Henry Harvey to acquire and drain Penpol Pool in the 1837, although since he went on to build the new White Hart on the site, commercial interest may have had a significant role to play.'
- Hayle Historical Assessment - 7.5.1.5 Community facilities - p56

White Hart Hotel, Hayle 1840s
with West Cornwall Railway station to right

The new White Hart Hotel run by William Crotch.

'108
HAYLE, WHITE HART HOTEL, FOUNDRY SQUARE (Fig 15d) [reference key at foot of webpage]
PUBLIC HOUSE
SW55853709 PRN: 139144 LB: 11*
Listed building (No. 10/96). Dating to about 1838 this was built for Henry Harvey, the brother-in-law of Richard Trevithick as the new White Hart Hotel (which replaced the original one [109]). lt has stuccoed walls and a scantle slate roof behind a stuccoed parapet. There are stuccoed chimneys over the left side walls. Rectangular in plan it is two rooms wide and three rooms deep. lt has two equally sized reception rooms that flank a central entrance hall that leads to a large stair hall behind the right-hand room . Classical style. Three storeys high the elevations are stuccoed with dassical detail. There are rusticated courses at ground floor level with stucco flat arches. The northern front entrance has the central doorway within a panelled stucco porch. The doors are original with latticed glazing and the original fanlight with scrolled detail. The corners of the front of the building are panelled pedestals carrying a giant order of clasping square fluted columns, the antae to the three bays of the upper floors with four engaged giant round columns, the whole being surmounted by a Tuscan entablature and a parapet with an open pediment at the middle with a central round plaque. The columns are a kind of debased Roman Doric with an Egyptian influence to the design of the capitals. The first floor windows have moulded hoods on carved consoles. The side elevations have eared architraves to the first floor windows with aprons under the sills . All the windows (excepting the ground floor left one on the eastern elevation) are original hornless sashes with glazing bars. The west elevation has a tall round headed stair window. The interior of the building has been partially inspected. The entrance hall and stair hall have their original architectural details, including arches, plaster cornices and fine open well stair with mahogany handrail curving down to form the newel post. This building is erected on the site of the former Penpol pool (blamed by Henry Harvey for the spreading of cholera in the town) .'
http://www.hayle.net/council/documents/2000R058HayleHistoricalAssessmentInventory-ocr.pdf

1841 Census - Phillack - HO107/143 pt. 9 ED2 Book 12 Folio 29 p. 1
White Hart Hotel,1,William Crotch,57,,Inn Keeper,Not in county,
,,Margarette Crotch,,52,Wife (Crossed Out),In county,
,,Amelia Crotch,,19,Daughter,Not in county,
,,William Jnr. Crotch,16,,Son (Crossed Out),Not in county,
,,Mr. Stubbs,45,,Merchant,Not in county,
,,Mr. Johnson,40,,Merchant,Not in county,
,,Mr Werry,57,,Traveller,Not in county,
,,Mr Jackson,30,,Traveller,Not in county,
,,John Winnan,27,,Servant,In county,
,,Fras. Godolphin,49,,Servant,In county,
,,Nanny Ward,,22,Servant,In county,
,,Fanny Thomas,,25,Servant,In county,
,,Mary Wearne,,19,Servant,In county,
,,Mary Cutty,,46,Servant,In county,
,,Susan Petengile,,46,Servant,In county,
,,Eliz. Ann Rowe,,17,Servant,In county,
,,Grace Hicks,,24,Servant,In county,
,,Matilda Hicks,,21,Servant,In county,

1851 Census (unavailable)

1861 Census - Phillack
31,Hayle Foundry (Crotch Hotel),1,William Crotch,Head,M,69,,Hotel Keeper,Okehampton Devon,,Surname uncertain; might be CRUTCH
,,,Margaret Crotch,Wife,M,,73,,Perranuthnoe Cornwall,,
,,,William James Crotch,Son,U,36,,Chemist,Eardsley Herefordshire,,
,,,Elizabeth A Olver,Servnt,U,,26,General Servant,St Columb Cornwall,,
,,,Mary Bawden,Servnt,U,,30,General Servant,Breage Cornwall,,
,,,Jane Richards,Servnt,U,,26,General Servant,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Mary Jennings,Servnt,U,,22,General Servant,Gwennap Cornwall,,
,,,Jane H Bawden,Servnt,U,,22,General Servant,Phillack Cornwall,,
,,,Elizabeth A Berriman,Servnt,U,,26,General Servant,Crowan Cornwall,,
,,,Hester Ann James,Servnt,U,,18,General Servant,Mawgan Cornwall,,
,,,Mark Kempthorne,Servnt,U,19,,General Servant,Newlyn East Cornwall,,

'24 June 1871 Death of Mr. Crotch'
- Royal Cornwall Gazette
https://www.opc-cornwall.org/deaths/phillack_death_crotch_mr_1871.pdf

On a photograph of the White Hart Hotel, dated 1907, the name of 'T. Bater' is featured about the main doors.

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Foundry Square c1907
with view of multistoried Grist Mill

former White Hart Hotel (left), & 'new' White Hart Hotel, Hayle (right)
roof of 5-storey Mill to far right had been demolished in 1940, allegedly to avert the building being targeted for bombing in WWII

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Abraham Shorland Rawlings
Birthdate:	September 25, 1784
Birthplace:	Truro, Cornwall, England